CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
(A) CnH2nOn (B) C2nH2On
(C) CnH2O2n (D) CnH2nO2n
Ans: A
2. The general formula of polysaccharides is
(A) (C6H10O5)n (B) (C6H12O5)n
(C) (C6H10O6)n (D) (C6H10O6)n
Ans: A
3. The aldose sugar is
(A) Glycerose (B) Ribulose
(C) Erythrulose (D) Dihydroxyacetone
Ans: A
4. A triose sugar is
(A) Glycerose (B) Ribose
(C) Erythrose (D) Fructose
Ans: A
5. A pentose sugar is
(A) Dihydroxyacetone (B) Ribulose
(C) Erythrose (D) Glucose
Ans: B
6. The pentose sugar present mainly in the heart muscle is
(A) Lyxose (B) Ribose
(C) Arabinose (D) Xylose
Ans: A
7. Polysaccharides are
(A) Polymers (B) Acids
(C) Proteins (D) Oils
Ans: A
8. The number of isomers of glucose is
(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 8 (D) 16
Ans: D
9. Two sugars which differ from one another only in configuration around a single carbon atom are termed
(A) Epimers (B) Anomers
(C) Optical isomers (D) Stereoisomers
Ans: A
10. Isomers differ as a result of variations in the configuration of the —OH and —H on carbon atoms 2, 3 and 4 of glucose are known as
(A) Epimers (B) Anomers
(C) Optical isomers (D) Stereoisomers
Ans: A
11. The most important epimer of glucose is
(A) Galactose (B) Fructose
(C) Arabinose (D) Xylose
Ans: A
12. α-D-glucose and β -D-glucose are
(A) Stereoisomers (B) Epimers
(C) Anomers (D) Keto-aldo pairs
Ans: C
13. α-D-glucose + 1120 → + 52.50 ← + 190 β- D-glucose for glucose above represents
(A) Optical isomerism (B) Mutarotation
(C) Epimerisation (D) D and L isomerism
Ans: B
14. Compounds having the same structural formula but differing in spatial configuration is known as
(A) Stereoisomers (B) Anomers
(C) Optical isomers (D) Epimers
Ans: A
15. In glucose the orientation of the —H and —OH groups around the carbon atom 5 adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon determines
(A) D or L series
(B) Dextro or levorotatory
(C) α and β anomers
(D) Epimers
Ans: A
16. The carbohydrate of the blood group substances is:
(A) Sucrose (B) Fucose
(C) Arabinose (D) Maltose
Ans:B
17. Erythromycin contains
(A) Dimethyl amino sugar
(B) Trimethyl amino sugar
(C) Sterol and sugar
(D) Glycerol and sugar
Ans: A
18. A sugar alcohol is
(A) Mannitol (B) Trehalose
(C) Xylulose (D) Arabinose
Ans: A
19. The primary sugar of insect hemolymph is
(A) Glycogen (B) Pectin
(C) Trehalose (D) Sucrose
Ans: C
20. The sugar found in DNA is
(A) Xylose (B) Ribose
(C) Deoxyribose (D) Ribulose
Ans: C
21. The sugar found in RNA is
(A) Ribose (B) Deoxyribose
(C) Ribulose (D) Erythrose
Ans: A
22. The sugar found in milk is
(A) Galactose (B) Glucose
(C) Fructose (D) Lactose
Ans: D
23. Invert sugar is
(A) Lactose (B) Sucrose
(C) Hydrolytic products of sucrose
(D) Fructose
Ans: C
24. Sucrose consists of
(A) Glucose + glucose
(B) Glucose + fructose
(C) Glucose + galactose
(D) Glucose + mannose
Ans: B
25. The monosaccharide units are linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic linking in
(A) Maltose (B) Sucrose
(C) Cellulose (D) Cellobiose
Ans: A
26. Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
(A) Isomaltose (B) Maltose
(C) Lactose (D) Trehalose
Ans: D
27. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?
(A) Sucrose (B) Trehalose
(C) Isomaltose (D) Agar
Ans: C
28. A disaccharide formed by the 1,1-glycosidic linkage between their monosaccharide units is
(A) Lactose (B) Maltose
(C) Trehalose (D) Sucrose
Ans: C
29. A disaccharide formed by the 1,1-glycosidic linkage between their monosaccharide units is
(A) Lactose (B) Maltose
(C) Trehalose (D) Sucrose
Ans: B
30. Mutarotation refers to a change in
(A) pH (B) Optical rotation
(C) Conductance (D) Chemical properties
Ans: B
31. A polysaccharide which is often called animal starch is
(A) Glycogen (B) Starch
(C) Inulin (D) Dextrin
Ans: D
32. The homopolysaccharide used for intravenous infusion as a plasma substitute is
(A) Agar (B) Inulin
(C) Pectin (D) Starch
Ans: A
33. The polysaccharide used in assessing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is
(A) Glycogen (B) Agar
(C) Inulin (D) Hyaluronic acid
Ans: C
34. The constituent unit of inulin is
(A) Glucose (B) Fructose
(C) Mannose (D) Galactose
Ans: B
35. The polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of invertebrates is
(A) Pectin (B) Chitin
(C) Cellulose (D) Chondroitin sulphate
Ans: B
36. Which of the following is a heteroglycan?
(A) Dextrins (B) Agar
(C) Inulin (D) Chitin
Ans: B
37. The glycosaminoglycan which does not contain uronic acid is
(A) Dermatan sulphate
(B) Chondroitin sulphate
(C) Keratan sulphate
(D) Heparan sulphate
Ans: C
38. The glycosaminoglycan which does not contain uronic acid is
(A) Hyaluronic acid
(B) Heparin
(C) Chondroitin sulphate
(D) Dermatan sulphate
Ans: B
39. Keratan sulphate is found in abundance in
(A) Heart muscle
(B) Liver
(C) Adrenal cortex
(D) Cornea
Ans: D
40. Repeating units of hyaluronic acid are
(A) N-acetyl glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid
(B) N-acetyl galactosamine and D-glucuronic acid
(C) N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose
(D) N-acetyl galactosamine and L- iduronic acid
Ans: A
41. The approximate number of branches in amylopectin is
(A) 10 (B) 20
(C) 40 (D) 80
Ans: A
42. In amylopectin the intervals of glucose units of each branch is
(A) 10–20 (B) 24–30
(C) 30–40 (D) 40–50
Ans: A
43. A polymer of glucose synthesized by the action of leuconostoc mesenteroids in a sucrose medium is
(A) Dextrans
(B) Dextrin
(C) Limit dextrin
(D) Inulin
Ans: A
44. Glucose on reduction with sodium amalgam forms
(A) Dulcitol
(B) Sorbitol
(C) Mannitol
(D) Mannitol and sorbitol
Ans: B
45. Glucose on oxidation does not give
(A) Glycoside
(B) Glucosaccharic acid
(C) Gluconic acid
(D) Glucuronic acid
Ans: A
46. Oxidation of galactose with conc HNO3 yields
(A) Mucic acid
(B) Glucuronic acid
(C) Saccharic acid
(D) Gluconic acid
Ans: A
47. A positive Benedict’s test is not given by
(A) Sucrose
(B) Lactose
(C) Maltose
(D) Glucose
Ans: A
48. Starch is a
(A) Polysaccharide
(B) Monosaccharide
(C) Disaccharide
(D) None of these
Ans: A
49. A positive Seliwanoff’s test is obtained with
(A) Glucose
(B) Fructose
(C) Lactose
(D) Maltose
Ans: B
50. Osazones are not formed with the
(A) Glucose
(B) Fructose
(C) Sucrose
(D) Lactose
Ans: C
51. The most abundant carbohydrate found in nature is
(A) Starch
(B) Glycogen
(C) Cellulose
(D) Chitin
Ans: C
52. Impaired renal function is indicated when the amount of PSP excreted in the first 15 minutes is
(A) 20% (B) 35%
(C) 40% (D) 45%
Ans: A
53. An early feature of renal disease is
(A) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work
(B) Decrease in maximal tubular excretory capacity
(C) Decrease in filtration factor
(D) Decrease in renal plasma flow
Ans: A
54. ADH test is based on the measurement of
(A) Specific gravity of urine
(B) Concentration of urea in urine
(C) Concentration of urea in the blood
(D) Volume of urine in ml/minute
Ans: A
55. The specific gravity of urine normally ranges from
(A) 0.900–0.999
(B) 1.003–1.030
(C) 1.000–1.001
(D) 1.101–1.120
Ans: B
56. Specific gravity of urine increases in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Chronic glomerulonephritis
(C) Compulsive polydypsia
(D) Hypercalcemia
Ans: A
57. Fixation of the specific gravity of urine to 1.010 is found in
(A) Diabetes insipidus
(B) Compulsive polydypsia
(C) Cystinosis
(D) Chronic glomerulonephritis
Ans: D
58. Addis test is the measure of
(A) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work
(B) Secretory function of the liver
(C) Excretory function of the liver
(D) Activity of parenchymal cells of the liver
Ans: A
59. Number of stereoisomers of glucose is
(A) 4 (B) 8
(C) 16 (D) None of these
Ans: C
60. Maltose can be formed by hydrolysis of
(A) Starch
(B) Dextrin
(C) Glycogen
(D) All of these
Ans: D
61. α –D–Glucuronic acid is present in
(A) Hyaluronic acid
(B) Chondroitin sulphate
(C) Heparin
(D) All of these
Ans: C
62. Fructose is present in the hydrolysate of
(A) Sucrose
(B) Inulin
(C) Both of the above
(D) None of these
Ans: C
63. A carbohydrate found in DNA is
(A) Ribose
(B) Deoxyribose
(C) Ribulose
(D) All of these
Ans: B
64. Ribulose is a these
(A) Ketotetrose
(B) Aldotetrose
(C) Ketopentose
(D) Aldopentose
Ans: C
65. A carbohydrate, commonly known as dextrose is
(A) Dextrin
(B) D-Fructose
(C) D-Glucose
(D) Glycogen
Ans: C
66. A carbohydrate found only in milk is
(A) Glucose
(B) Galactose
(C) Lactose
(D) Maltose
Ans: C
67. A carbohydrate, known commonly as invert sugar, is
(A) Fructose
(B) Sucrose
(C) Glucose
(D) Lactose
Ans: B
68. A heteropolysaccharide among the following is
(A) Inulin
(B) Cellulose
(C) Heparin
(D) Dextrin
Ans: C
69. The predominant form of glucose in solution is
(A) Acyclic form
(B) Hydrated acyclic form
(C) Glucofuranose
(D) Glucopyranose
Ans: D
70. An L-isomer of monosaccharide formed in the human body is
(A) L-fructose
(B) L-Erythrose
(C) L-Xylose
(D) L-Xylulose
Ans: D
71. Hyaluronic acid is found in
(A) Joints
(B) Brain
(C) Abdomen
(D) Mouth
Ans: A
72. The carbon atom becomes asymmetric when the straight-chain form of monosaccharide changes into the ring form known as
(A) Anomeric carbon atom
(B) Epimeric carbon atom
(C) Isomeric carbon atom
(D) None of these
Ans: A
73. The smallest monosaccharide having a furanose ring structure is
(A) Erythrose
(B) Ribose
(C) Glucose
(D) Fructose
Ans: B
74. Which of the following is an epimeric pair?
(A) Glucose and fructose
(B) Glucose and galactose
(C) Galactose and mannose
(D) Lactose and maltose
Ans: B
75. α-Glycosidic bond is present in
(A) Lactose
(B) Maltose
(C) Sucrose
(D) All of these
Ans: B
76. Branching occurs in glycogen approximately after every
(A) Five glucose units
(B) Ten glucose units
(C) Fifteen glucose units
(D) Twenty glucose units
Ans: B
77. N–Acetylglucosamnine is present in
(A) Hyaluronic acid
(B) Chondroitin sulphate
(C) Heparin
(D) All of these
Ans: A
78. Iodine gives a red colour with
(A) Starch
(B) Dextrin
(C) Glycogen
(D) Inulin
Ans: C
79. Amylose is a constituent of
(A) Starch
(B) Cellulose
(C) Glycogen
(D) None of these
Ans: A
80. Synovial fluid contains
(A) Heparin
(B) Hyaluronic acid
(C) Chondroitin sulphate
(D) Keratin sulphate
Ans: B
81. Gluconeogenesis is decreased by
(A) Glucagon
(B) Epinephrine
(C) Glucocorticoids
(D) Insulin
Ans: D
82. Lactate formed in muscles can be utilised through
(A) Rapoport-Luebeling cycle
(B) Glucose-alanine cycle
(C) Cori’s cycle
(D) Citric acid cycle
Ans: C
83. Glucose-6-phosphatase is not present in
(A) Liver and kidneys
(B) Kidneys and muscles
(C) Kidneys and adipose tissue
(D) Muscles and adipose tissue
Ans: D
84. Pyruvate carboxylase is regulated by
(A) Induction
(B) Repression
(C) Allosteric regulation
(D) All of these
Ans: D
85. Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate is formed by the action of
(A) Phosphofructokinase-1
(B) Phosphofructokinase-2
(C) Fructose biphosphate isomerase
(D) Fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase
Ans: B
86. The highest concentrations of fructose are found in
(A) Aqueous humor
(B) Vitreous humor
(C) Synovial fluid
(D) Seminal fluid
Ans: D
87. Glucose uptake by liver cells is
(A) Energy-consuming
(B) A saturable process
(C) Insulin-dependent
(D) Insulin-independent
Ans: D
88. Renal threshold for glucose is decreased in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Insulinoma
(C) Renal glycosuria
(D) Alimentary glycosuria
Ans: C
89. Active uptake of glucose is inhibited by
(A) Ouabain
(B) Phlorrizin
(C) Digoxin
(D) Alloxan
Ans: B
90. Glucose-6-phosphatase is absent or deficient in
(A) Von Gierke’s disease
(B) Pompe’s disease
(C) Cori’s disease
(D) McArdle’s disease
Ans: A
91. Debranching enzyme is absent in
(A) Cori’s disease
(B) Andersen’s disease
(C) Von Gierke’s disease
(D) Her’s disease
Ans: A
92. McArdle’s disease is due to the deficiency of
(A) Glucose-6-phosphatase
(B) Phosphofructokinase
(C) Liver phosphorylase
(D) muscle phosphorylase
Ans: D
93. Tautomerisation is
(A) Shift of hydrogen
(B) Shift of carbon
(C) Shift of both
(D) None of these
Ans: A
94. In essential pentosuria, urine contains
(A) D-Ribose
(B) D-Xylulose
(C) L-Xylulose
(D) D-Xylose
Ans: C
95. Action of salivary amylase on starch leads to the formation of
(A) Maltose
(B) Maltotriose
(C) Both of the above
(D) Neither of these
Ans: C
96. Congenital galactosaemia can lead to
(A) Mental retardation
(B) Premature cataract
(C) Death
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
97. Uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) is
(A) Required for metabolism of galactose
(B) Required for synthesis of glucuronic acid
(C) A substrate for glycogen synthetase
(D) All of the above
Ans: D
98. Catalytic activity of salivary amylase requires the presence of
(A) Chloride ions
(B) Bromide ions
(C) Iodide ions
(D) All of these
Ans: A
99. The following is actively absorbed in the intestine:
(A) Fructose
(B) Mannose
(C) Galactose
(D) None of these
Ans: C
100. An amphibolic pathway among the following is
(A) HMP shunt
(B) Glycolysis
(C) Citirc acid cycle
(D) Gluconeogenesis
Ans: C
101. Cori’s cycle transfers
(A) Glucose from muscles to the liver
(B) Lactate from muscles to the liver
(C) Lactate from the liver to muscles
(D) Pyruvate from the liver to muscles
Ans: B
102. Excessive intake of ethanol increases the ratio:
(A) NADH: NAD+
(B) NAD+: NADH
(C) FADH2: FAD
(D) FAD: FADH2
Ans: A
103. Ethanol decreases gluconeogenesis by
(A) Inhibiting glucose-6-phosphatase
(B) Inhibiting PEP carboxykinase
(C) Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of pyruvate
(D) Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of lactate
Ans: C
104. Glycogenin is
(A) Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
(B) Polymer of glycogen molecules
(C) Protein primer for glycogen synthesis
(D) Intermediate in glycogen breakdown
Ans: C
105. During starvation, ketone bodies are used as fuel by
(A) Erythrocytes
(B) Brain
(C) Liver
(D) All of these
Ans: B
106. Animal fat is in general
(A) Poor in saturated and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids
(B) Rich in saturated and poor in polyunsaturated fatty acids
(C) Rich in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
(D) Poor in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
Ans: B
107. In the diet of a diabetic patient, the recommended carbohydrate intake should preferably be in the form of
(A) Monosaccharides
(B) Disaccharides
(C) Polysaccharides
(D) All of these
Ans: C
108. Obesity increases the risk of
(A) Hypertension
(B) Diabetes mellitus
(C) Cardiovascular disease
(D) All of these
Ans: D
109. Worldwide, the most common vitamin deficiency is that of
(A) Ascorbic acid
(B) Folic acid
(C) Vitamin A
(D) Vitamin D
Ans: B
110. Consumption of iodised salt is recommended for the prevention of
(A) Hypertension
(B) Hyperthyroidism
(C) Endemic goitre
(D) None of these
Ans: C
111. Restriction of salt intake is generally recommended in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Hypertension
(C) Cirrhosis of the liver
(D) Peptic ulcer
Ans: B
112. Polyuria can occur in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Diarrhoea
(C) Acute glomerulonephritis
(D) High fever
Ans: B
113. The normal specific gravity of urine is
(A) 1.000–1.010
(B) 1.012–1.024
(C) 1.025–1.034
(D) 1.035–1.045
Ans: B
114. The specific gravity of urine is raised in all of the following except
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Diabetes insipidus
(C) Dehydration
(D) Acute glomerulonephritis
Ans: D
115. The specific gravity of urine is decreased in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Acute glomerulonephritis
(C) Diarrhoea
(D) Chronic glomerulonephritis
Ans: B
116. Heavy proteinuria occurs in
(A) Acute glomerulonephritis
(B) Acute pyelonephritis
(C) Nephrosclerosis
(D) Nephrotic syndrome
Ans: B
117. Mucopolysaccharides are
(A) Hamopolysaccharides
(B) Hetropolysaccharides
(C) Proteins
(D) Amino acids
Ans: A
118. Bence-Jones protein precipitates at
(A) 20°–40° C
(B) 40–-60° C
(C) 60°–80° C
(D) 80°–100° C
Ans: B
119. Serum cholesterol is decreased in
(A) Endemic goitre
(B) Thyrotoxicosis
(C) Myxoedema
(D) Cretinism
Ans: B
120. The heptose ketose sugar formed as a result of a chemical reaction in the HMP shunt:
(A) Sedoheptulose
(B) Galactoheptose
(C) Glucoheptose
(D) Mannoheptose
Ans: A
121. The general formula for polysaccharides is
(A) (C6H12O6)n
(B) (C6H10O5)n
(C) (C6H12O5)n
(D) (C6H19O6)n
Ans: B
122. The number of isomers of glucose is
(A) 4 (B) 8
(C) 12 (D) 16
Ans: D
123. The epimers of glucose is
(A) Fructose
(B) Galactose
(C) Ribose
(D) Deoxyribose
Ans: B
124. The intermediate in hexose monophosphate shunt is
(A) D-Ribolose
(B) D-Arobinose
(C) D-xylose
(D) D-lyxose
Ans: A
125. Honey contains the hydrolytic product of
(A) Lactose
(B) Maltose
(C) Inulin
(D) Starch
Ans: C
126. On boiling Benedict’s solution is not reduced by
(A) Sucrose
(B) Lactose
(C) Maltose
(D) Fructose
Ans: A
127. Glycosides are found in many
(A) Vitamins
(B) Drugs
(C) Minerals
(D) Nucleoproteins
Ans: B
128. Galactose on oxidation with conc. HNO3 produces
(A) Gluconic acid
(B) Saccharic acid
(C) Saccharo Lactone
(D) Mucic acid
Ans: D
129. The distinguishing test between monosaccharides and disaccharides is
(A) Bial’s test
(B) Selwanoff’s test
(C) Barfoed’s test
(D) Hydrolysis test
Ans: C
130. Cellulose is made up of the molecules of
(A) α-glucose
(B) β-glucose
(C) Both of the above
(D) None of these
Ans: A
131. Iodine solution produces no colour with
(A) Cellulose
(B) Starch
(C) Dextrin
(D) Glycogen
Ans: A
132. Glycogen structure includes a branch in between–glucose units:
(A) 6–12 (B) 8–14
(C) 6–10 (D) 12–18
Ans: D
133. Amylose contains glucose units
(A) 100–200 (B) 200–300
(C) 300–400 (D) 500–600
Ans: C
134. Each branch of amylopectin is at an interval of glucose units:
(A) 14–20 (B) 24–30
(C) 34–40 (D) 44–50
Ans: B
135. N-acetylneuraminic acid is an example of
(A) Sialic acid
(B) Mucic acid
(C) Glucuronic acid
(D) Hippuric acid
Ans: C
136. In place of glucuronic acid chondroitin sulphate B contains
(A) Gluconic acid
(B) Gulonic acid
(C) Induronic acid
(D) Sulphonic acid
Ans: C
137. Blood group substances consist of
(A) Lactose
(B) Maltose
(C) Fructose
(D) Mucose
Ans: C
138. The component of cartilage and cornea is
(A) Keratosulphate
(B) Chondroitin sulphate
(C) Cadmium sulphate
(D) Antimony sulphate
Ans: A
139. Benedict’s test is less likely to give weakly positive results with concentrated urine due to the action of
(A) Urea
(B) Uric acid
(C) Ammonium salts
(D) Phosphates
Ans: B
140. Active transport of sugar is depressed by the agent:
(A) Oxaloacetate
(B) Fumarate
(C) Malonate
(D) Succinate
Ans: C
141. The general test for the detection of carbohydrates is
(A) Iodine test
(B) Molisch test
(C) Barfoed test
(D) Osazone test
Ans: B
142. Glucose absorption may be decreased in
(A) Oedema
(B) Nephritis
(C) Rickets
(D) Osteomalitis
Ans: A
143. Glycogen synthetase activity is depressed by
(A) Glucose
(B) Insulin
(C) Cyclic AMP
(D) Fructokinase
Ans: C
144. The branching enzyme acts on the glycogen when the glycogen chain has been lengthened to between glucose units:
(A) 1 and 6 (B) 2 and 7
(C) 3 and 9 (D) 6 and 11
Ans: D
145. Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase which is activated by the hormone:
(A) Insulin
(B) Epinephrine
(C) Testosterone
(D) Progesterone
Ans: B
146. Hexokinase has a high affinity for glucose than
(A) Fructokinase
(B) Galactokinase
(C) Glucokinase
(D) All of the above
Ans: C
147. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are interconverted by
(A) Triose isomerase
(B) Phosphotriose isomerase
(C) Diphosphotriose isomerase
(D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphorylase
Ans: B
148. Citrate is converted to isocitrate by aconitase which contains
(A) Ca++ (B) Fe++
(C) Zn++ (D) Mg++
Ans: B
149. The reaction of succinyl COA to succinate requires
(A) CDP (B) ADP
(C) GDP (D) NADP+
Ans: B
150. The carrier of the citric acid cycle is
(A) Succinate
(B) Fumarate
(C) Malate
(D) Oxaloacetate
Ans: D
151. UDPG is oxidized to UDP glucuronic acid by UDP dehydrogenase in the presence of
(A) FAD+ (B) NAD+
(C) NADP+ (D) ADP+
Ans: B
152. Galactose is phosphorylated by galactokinase to form
(A) Galactose-6-phosphate
(B) Galactose-1, 6 diphosphate
(C) Galactose-1-phosphate
(D) All of these
Ans: C
153. The conversion of alanine to glucose is termed
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Oxidative decarboxylation
(C) Specific dynamic action
(D) Gluconeogenesis
Ans: D
154. The blood sugar-raising action of the hormones of the suprarenal cortex is due to
(A) Gluconeogenesis
(B) Glycogenolysis
(C) Glucagon-like activity
(D) Due to inhibition of glomerular filtration
Ans: A
155. Under anaerobic conditions, the glycolysis of one mole of glucose yields - moles of ATP.
(A) One (B) Two
(C) Eight (D) Thirty
Ans: B
156. Which of the following metabolite integrates glucose and fatty acid metabolism?
(A) Acetyl CoA
(B) Pyruvate
(C) Citrate
(D) Lactate
Ans: A
157. Cerebrosides consist of most of this sugar:
(A) Glucose
(B) Fructose
(C) Galactose
(D) Arabinose
Ans: C
158. Glucose will be converted into fatty acids if the diet has an excess of
(A) Carbohydrates
(B) Proteins
(C) Fat
(D) VitaminsA
Ans:
159. The purple ring of the Molisch reaction is due to
(A) Furfural
(B) Furfural + α Napthol
(C) °C Napthol
(D) Furfurol + H2SO4 + α -Naphthol
Ans: B
160. One of the following enzymes does not change glycogen synthase a to b.
(A) Glycogen synthase kinases 3, 4, 5
(B) Ca2+ calmodulin phosphorylase kinase
(C) Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
(D) Glycogen phosphorylase a
Ans: D
161. In the EM pathway -2-phosphoglycerate is converted to
(A) Phosphoenol pyruvate
(B) Enol pyruvate
(C) Di hydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP)
(D) 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
Ans: A
162. An anaplerotic reaction which sustains the availability of oxaloacetate is the carboxylation of
(A) Glutamate
(B) Pyruvate
(C) Citrate
(D) Succinate
Ans: B
163. The specific test for ketohexoses:
(A) Seliwanoff’s test
(B) Osazone test
(C) Molisch test
(D) None of these
Ans: A
164. Two important byproducts of HMP shunt are
(A) NADH and pentose sugars
(B) NADPH and pentose sugars
(C) Pentose sugars and 4-membered sugars
(D) Pentose sugars and sedoheptulose
Ans: B
165. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex require the following for their oxidative decarboxylation:
(A) COASH and Lipoic acid
(B) NAD+ and FAD
(C) COASH and TPP
(D) COASH, TPP,NAD+,FAD, Lipoate
Ans: D
166. The four-membered aldose sugar phosphate formed in the HMP shunt pathway is
(A) Xylulose P
(B) Erythrulose P
(C) Erythrose P
(D) Ribulose P
Ans: C
167. Cane sugar (Sucrose) injected into blood is
(A) changed to fructose
(B) changed to glucose
(C) undergoes no significant change
(D) changed to glucose and fructose
Ans: C
168. Pentose production is increased in
(A) HMP shunt
(B) Uromic acid pathway
(C) EM pathway
(D) TCA cycle
Ans: B
169. Conversion of Alanine to carbohydrate is termed:
(A) Glycogenesis
(B) Gluconeogenesis
(C) Glycogenolysis
(D) Photosynthesis
Ans: B
170. The following is an enzyme required for glycolysis:
(A) Pyruvate kinase
(B) Pyruvate carboxylase
(C) Glucose-6-phosphatase
(D) Glycerokinase
Ans: A
171. Our body can get pentoses from
(A) Glycolytic pathway
(B) Uromic acid pathway
(C) TCA cycle
(D) HMP shunt
Ans: D
172. Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the human liver is by
(A) Hexokinase only
(B) Glucokinase only
(C) Hexokinase and glucokinase
(D) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Ans: C
173. The following is an enzyme required for glycolysis:
(A) Pyruvate kinase
(B) Pyruvate carboxylase
(C) Glucose-6-phosphatose
(D) Glycerokinase
Ans: A
174. The normal glucose tolerance curve reaches peak is
(A) 15 min (B) 1 hr
(C) 2 hrs (D) 2 ½ hrs
Ans: B
175. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate requires
(A) NADP+
(B) Cytichromes
(C) pyridoxal phosphate
(D) COASH
Ans: D
176. Glucose tolerance is increased in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Adrenalectomy
(C) Acromegaly
(D) Thyrotoxicosis
Ans: B
177. Glucose tolerance is decreased in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Hypopituitarisme
(C) Addison’s disease
(D) Hypothyroidism
Ans: A
178. During glycolysis, Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate is decomposed by the enzyme:
(A) Enolase a
(B) Fructokinase
(C) Aldolase
(D) Diphosphofructophosphatose
Ans: C
179. The following enzyme is required for the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway:
(A) Glucose-6-phosphatase
(B) Phosphorylase
(C) Aldolase
(D) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Ans: D
180 Dehydrogenase enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt are
(A) NAD+ specific
(B) NADP+ specific
(C) FAD specific
(D) FMN specific
Ans: B
181. Under anaerobic conditions, the glycolysis of one mole of glucose yields ______moles of ATP.
(A) One (B) Two
(C) Eight (D) Thirty
Ans: B
182. Glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate by
(A) UDPG transferase
(B) Branching enzyme
(C) Phosphorylase
(D) Phosphatase
Ans: C
183. Which of the following is not an enzyme involved in glycolysis?
(A) Euolase
(B) Aldolose
(C) Hexokinase
(D) Glucose oxidase
Ans: D
184. The tricarboxylic acid cycle to be continuous requires the regeneration of
(A) Pyruvic acid
(B) oxaloacetic acid
(C) α-oxoglutaric acid
(D) Malic acid
Ans: B
185. Dehydrogenation of succinic acid to fumaric acid requires the following hydrogen carrier:
(A) NAD+
(B) NADP+
(C) flavoprotein
(D) Glutathione
Ans: C
186. The tissues with the highest total glycogen content are
(A) Muscle and kidneys
(B) Kidneys and liver
(C) Liver and muscle
(D) Brain and Liver
Ans: C
187. Rothera test is not given by
(A) β-hydroxybutyrate
(B) bile salts
(C) Glucose
(D) None of these
Ans: A
188. Gluconeogenesis is increased in the following condition:
(A) Diabetes insipidus
(B) Diabetes Mellitus
(C) Hypothyroidism
(D) Liver diseases
Ans: B
189. The oxidation of lactic acid to pyruvic acid requires the following vitamin derivative as the hydrogen carrier.
(A) Lithium pyrophosphate
(B) Coenzyme A
(C) NAD+
(D) FMN
Ans: C
190. Physiological glycosuria is met with in
(A) Renal glycosuria
(B) Alimentary glycosuria
(C) Diabetes Mellitus
(D) Alloxan diabetes
Ans: B
191. Two examples of substrate-level phosphorylation in EM pathway of glucose metabolism are in the reactions of
(A) 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol pyruvate
(B) Glucose-6 phosphate and Fructo-6-phosphate
(C) 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde and phosphoenolpyruvate
(D) 1,3 diphosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate
Ans: A
192. The number of molecules of ATP produced by the total oxidation of acetyl CoA in TCA cycle is
(A) 6 (B) 8
(C) 10 (D) 12
Ans: D
193. Substrate level phosphorylation in the TCA cycle is in steps:
(A) Isocitrate dehydrogenase
(B) Malate dehydrogenase
(C) Aconitase
(D) Succinate thiokinase
Ans: D
194. Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not possible.
(A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose
(B) Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate
(C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate
(D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids
Ans: C
195. Tissues form lactic acid from glucose. This phenomenon is termed as
(A) Aerobic glycolysis
(B) Oxidation
(C) Oxidative phosphorylation
(D) Anaerobic glycolysis
Ans: D
196. One molecule of glucose gives ______ molecules of CO2 in the EM-TCA cycle.
(A) 6 (B) 3
(C) 1 (D) 2
Ans: A
197. One molecule of glucose gives ______molecules of CO2 in one round of HMP shunt.
(A) 6 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Ans: B
198. The 4 rate-limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis are
(A) Glucokinase, Pyruvate carboxylase phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6 phosphatase
(B) Pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, fructose1,6 diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase
(C) Pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase
(D) Phospho fructokinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and fructose 1, 6 diphosphatase
Ans: B
199. For glycogenesis, Glucose should be converted to
(A) Glucuronic acid
(B) Pyruvic acid
(C) UDP glucose
(D) Sorbitol
Ans: C
200. Fluoride inhibits ______ and arrests glycolysis.
(A) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
(B) Aconitase
(C) Enolose
(D) Succinate dehydrogenase
Ans: C
201. One of the following statements is correct:
(A) Glycogen synthase ‘a’ is the phosphorylated
(B) cAMP converts glycogen synthase b to ‘a’
(C) Insulin converts glycogen synthase b to a
(D) UDP glucose molecules interact and grow into a Glycogen tree
Ans: C
202. Amylo 1, 6 glucosidases is called
(A) Branching enzyme
(B) debranching enzyme
(C) Glucantransferase
(D) Phosphorylase
Ans: B
203. Glucose enters the cells by
(A) insulin-independent transport
(B) insulin-dependent transport
(C) enzyme-mediated transport
(D) Both (A) and (B)
Ans: D
204. Glycogen while being acted upon by active phosphorylase is converted first to
(A) Glucose
(B) Glucose 1-phosphate and Glycogen with 1 carbon less
(C) Glucose-6-phosphate and Glycogen with 1 carbon less
(D) 6-Phosphogluconic acid
Ans: C
205. When the O2 supply is inadequate, pyruvate is converted to
(A) Phosphopyruvate
(B) Acetyl CoA
(C) Lactate
(D) Alanine
Ans: C
206. Reactivation of inactive liver phosphorylase is normally favoured by
(A) Insulin
(B) Epinephrine
(C) ACTH
(D) Glucagon
Ans: D
207. Before pyruvic acid enters the TCA cycle it must be converted to
(A) Acetyl CoA
(B) Lactate
(C) α-ketoglutarate
(D) Citrate
Ans: A
208. The hydrolysis of Glucose-6-phosphate is catalysed by a specific phosphatase which is found only in
(A) Liver, intestines and kidneys
(B) Brain, spleen and adrenals
(C) Striated muscle
(D) Plasma
Ans: A
209. The formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA is
(A) Oxidation
(B) Reduction
(C) Condensation
(D) Hydrolysis
Ans: C
210. Which one of the following is a rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis?
(A) Hexokinase
(B) Phosphofructokinase
(C) Pyruvate carboxylase
(D) Pyruvate kinase
Ans: C
211. The number of ATP produced in the succinate dehydrogenase step is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
Ans: B
212. Which of the following reaction gives lactose?
(A) UDP galactose and glucose
(B) UDP glucose and galactose
(C) Glucose and Galactose
(D) Glucose, Galactose and UTP
Ans: A
213. UDP Glucuronic acid is required for the biosynthesis of
(A) Chondroitin sulphates
(B) Glycogen
(C) Lactose
(D) Starch
Ans: A
214. Which one of the following can convert glucose to vitamin C?
(A) Albino rats
(B) Humans
(C) Monkeys
(D) Guinea pigs
Ans: A
215. Which one of the following cannot convert glucose to Vitamin C?
(A) Albino rats
(B) Dogs
(C) Monkeys
(D) Cows
Ans: C
216. Transketolase has the coenzyme:
(A) NAD+
(B) FP
(C) TPP
(D) Pyridoxal phosphate
Ans: C
217. Two conditions in which gluconeogenesis is increased are
(A) Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis
(B) Fed condition and thyrotoxicosis
(C) Diabetes mellitus and Starvation
(D) Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking
Ans: C
218. Acetyl CoA is not used for the synthesis of
(A) Fatty acid
(B) Cholesterol
(C) Pyruvic acid
(D) Citric acid
Ans: C
219. The total glycogen content of the body is about ______ gms.
(A) 100 (B) 200
(C) 300 (D) 500
Ans: C
220. The total Glucose in the body is ________gms.
(A) 10–15 (B) 20–30
(C) 40–50 (D) 60–80
Ans: B
221. Pyruvate kinase requires ______ ions for maximum activity.
(A) Na+ (B) K+
(C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+
Ans: B
222. ATP is ‘wasted’ in the Rapoport-Lueberring cycle in RBCs as otherwise, it will inhibit
(A) Phosphoglucomutase
(B) Phosphohexo isomerase
(C) Phosphofructokinase
(D) Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase
Ans: C
223. The following co-enzyme is needed for the oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids:
(A) NADP+
(B) TPP
(C) Folate coenzyme
(D) Biotin coenzyme
Ans: B
224. Synthesis of Glucose from amino acids is termed as
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Gluconeogenesis
(C) Glycogenesis
(D) Lipogenesis
Ans: B
225. The following examples are important heteropolysaccharides except
(A) Amylopectin
(B) Heparin
(C) Peptidoglycan
(D) Hyaluronic acid
Ans: A
226. Which of the following features are common to monosaccharides?
(A) Contain asymmetric centres
(B) Are of 2 types – aldoses and ketoses
(C) Tend to exist as ring structures in solution
(D) Include glucose, galactose and raffinose
Ans: C
227. Polysaccharides
(A) Contain many monosaccharide units which may or may not be of the same kind
(B) Function mainly a storage or structural compounds
(C) Are present in large amounts in connective tissue
(D) All of these
Ans: D
228. The absorption of glucose in the digestive tract
(A) Occurs in the small intestine
(B) Is stimulated by the hormone Glucagon
(C) Occurs more rapidly than the absorption of any other sugar
(D) Is impaired in cases of diabetes mellitus
Ans: A
229. UDP-Glucose is converted to UDP-glucuronic acid by
(A) ATP (B) GTP
(C) NADP+ (D) NAD+
Ans: B
230. The enzymes involved in the Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6- phosphate are
(A) Hexokinase
(B) Glucokinase
(C) Phosphofructokinase
(D) Both (A) and (B)
Ans: D
231. In the conversion of Lactic acid to Glucose, three reactions of the Glycolytic pathway are circumvented, which of the following enzymes do not participate?
(A) Pyruvate Carboxylase
(B) Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase
(C) Pyruvate kinase
(D) Glucose-6-phosphatase
Ans: C
232. In the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burnt as “fuel” is consumed by
(A) Liver
(B) Brain
(C) Kidneys
(D) Adipose tissue
Ans: B
233. A regulator of the enzyme Glycogen synthase is
(A) Citric acid
(B) 2, 3 bisphosphoglycerate
(C) Pyruvate
(D) GTP
Ans: C
234. Which of the following compound is a positive allosteric modifier of the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase?
(A) Biotin
(B) Acetyl CoA
(C) Oxaloacetate
(D) ATP
Ans: A
235. A specific inhibitor for succinate dehydrogenase is
(A) Arsinite
(B) Melouate
(C) Citrate
(D) Cyanide
Ans: B
236. Most of the metabolic pathways are either anabolic or catabolic. Which of the following pathways is considered “amphibolic” in nature?
(A) Glycogenesis
(B) Glycolytic pathway
(C) Lipolysis
(D) TCA cycle
Ans: D
237. Transketolase activity is affected in
(A) Biotin deficiency
(B) Pyridoxine deficiency
(C) PABA deficiency
(D) Thiamine deficiency
Ans: B
238. The following metabolic abnormalities occur in Diabetes mellitus except
(A) Increased plasma FFA
(B) Increased pyruvate carboxylase activate
(C) Decreased lipogenesis
(D) Decreased gluconeogenesis
Ans: BB
239. A substance that is not an intermediate in the formation of D-glucuronic acid from glucose is
(A) Glucose-1-p
(B) 6-Phosphogluconate
(C) Glucose-6-p
(D) UDP-Glucose
Ans: B
240. The hydrolysis of Glucose-6-P is catalysed by a phosphatase that is not formed in which of the following?
(A) Liver
(B) Kidney
(C) Muscle
(D) Small intestine
Ans: C
241. An essential for converting Glucose to Glycogen in the Liver is
(A) Lactic acid
(B) GTP
(C) CTP
(D) UTP
Ans: D
242. Which of the following is a substrate for aldolase activity in the Glycolytic pathway?
(A) Glyceraldehyde-3-p
(B) Glucose-6-p
(C) Fructose-6-p
(D) Fructose1, 6-bisphosphate
Ans: D
243. The ratio that approximates the number of net molecules of ATP formed per mole of Glucose oxidized in presence of O2 to the net number formed in absence of O2 is
(A) 4: 1 (B) 10: 2
(C) 12: 1 (D) 18: 1
Ans: B
244. The “Primaquin sensitivity types of haemolytic anaemia have been found to relate to reduced R.B.C activity of which enzyme?
(A) Pyruvate kinase deficiency
(B) Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency
(C) Glucose-6-p dehydrogenase deficiency
(D) Hexokinase deficiency
Ans: C
245. Which of the following hormones is not involved in carbohydrate metabolism?
(A) Cortisol
(B) ACTH
(C) Glucogen
(D) Vasopressin
Ans: D
246. Dehydrogenases involved in HMP shunt are specific for
(A) NADP+
(B) NAD+
(C) FAD
(D) FMN
Ans: A
247. Which of the following enzymes in the Glycolytic pathway is inhibited by fluoride?
(A) Glyceraldehyde-3-p dehydrogenase
(B) Phosphoglycerate kinase
(C) Pyruvate kinase
(D) Enolase
Ans: D
248. Out of 24 mols of ATP formed in the TCA cycle, 2 molecules of ATP can be formed at the “substrate level” by which of the following reaction?
(A) Citric acid→ Isocitric acid
(B) Isocitrate→ Oxaloacetate
(C) Succinic acid→ Fumarate
(D) Succinylcat→ Succinic acid
Ans: D
249. Which of the following statements regarding the T.C.A. cycle is true?
(A) It is an anaerobic process
(B) It occurs in the cytosol
(C) It contains no intermediates for Gluconeogenesis
(D) It is amphibolic in nature
Ans: D
250. An allosteric enzyme responsible for controlling the rate of the T.C.A cycle is
(A) Malate dehydrogenase
(B) Isocitrate dehydrogenase
(C) Fumarase
(D) Aconitase
Ans: B
251. The glycolysis is regulated by
(A) Hexokinase
(B) Phosphofructokinase
(C) Pyruvate kinase
(D) All of these
Ans: D
252. How many ATP molecules will be required for the conversion of 2-molecules of Lactic acid to Glucose?
(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 8 (D) 6
Ans: D
253. Which of the following enzyme is not involved in HMP shunt?
(A) Glyceraldehyde-3-p dehydrogenase
(B) Glucose-6-p-dehydrogenase
(C) Transketolase
(D) Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
Ans: A
254. In presence of the following cofactor, pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate:
(A) ATP, Protein and CO2
(B) CO2 and ATP
(C) CO2
(D) Protein
Ans: A
255. For the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate, high energy molecule is required in the form of
(A) GTP only
(B) ITP only
(C) GTP (or) ITP
(D) None of these
Ans: C
256. If the more negative standard reduction potential of a redox pair, the greater the tendency to
(A) To lose electrons
(B) To gain electrons
(C) To lose/gain electrons
(D) To lose and gain electrons
Ans: A
257. Electron transport and phosphorylation can be uncoupled by compounds that increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to
(A) Electrons
(B) Protons
(C) Uncouplers
(D) All of these
Ans: B
258. The more positive the E0, the greater the tendency of the oxidant member of that pair to
(A) Lose electrons
(B) Gain electrons
(C) Lose (or) gain electrons
(D) Lose and gain electrons
Ans: B
259. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group of ATP is
(A) –7,300 cal/mol
(B) –8,300 cal/mol
(C) 10,000 cal/mol
(D) +7,300 cal/mol
Ans: A
260. The transport of a pair of electrons from NADH to O2 via the electron transport chain produces
(A) –52,580 cal
(B) –50,580 cal
(C) 21,900 cal
(D) +52,580 cal
Ans: D
261. Sufficient energy required to produce 3 ATP from 3 ADP and 3 pi is
(A) –21,900 cal
(B) 29,900 cal
(C) 31,900 cal
(D) 39,900 cal
Ans: A
262. The free energy change, AG
(A) Is directly proportional to the standard free energy change, AG
(B) Is equal to zero at equilibrium
(C) Can only be calculated when the reactants and products are present at 1mol/1 concentrations
(D) Is equal to –RT in keq
Ans: B
263. Under standard conditions
(A) The free energy change ΔG°, is equal to 0
(B) The standard free energy change ΔG, is equal to 0
(C) The free energy change, ΔG°, is equal to the standard free energy change, ΔG°
(D) Keq is equal to 1
Ans: C
264. An uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation such as dinitrophenol
(A) Inhibits electron transport and ATP synthesis
(B) Allow electron transport to proceed without ATP synthesis
(C) Inhibits electron transport without impairment of ATP synthesis
(D) Specially inhibits cytochrome b
Ans: B
265. All of the following statements about the enzymic complex that carries out the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation are correct except
(A) It is located on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane
(B) It is inhibited by oligomycin
(C) It can exhibit ATPase activity
(D) It can bind molecular O2
Ans: D
266. Glucokinase
(A) Is widely distributed and occurs in most mammalian tissues
(B) Has a high km for glucose and hence is important in the phosphorylation of glucose primarily after ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal
(C) Is widely distributed in Prokaryotes
(D) None of these
Ans: B
267. The reaction catalysed by phosphofructokinase
(A) Is activated by high concentrations of ATP and citrate
(B) Uses fructose-1-phosphate as substrate
(C) Is the rate-limiting reaction of the glycolytic pathway
(D) Is inhibited by fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate
Ans: C
268. Compared to the resting state, vigorously contracting muscles shows
(A) An increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate
(B) Decreased oxidation of pyruvate of CO2 and water
(C) A decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio
(D) Decreased concentration of AMP
Ans: A
269. Which one of the following would be expected in pyruvate kinase deficiency?
(A) Increased levels of lactate in the R.B.C
(B) Hemolytic anaemia
(C) Decreased ratio of ADP to ATP in R.B.C
(D) Increased phosphorylation of Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate
Ans: B
270. Which one of the following statements concerning glucose metabolism is correct?
(A) The conversion of Glucose to lactate occurs only in the R.B.C
(B) Glucose enters most cells by a mechanism in which Na+ and glucose are co-transported
(C) Pyruvate kinase catalyses an irreversible reaction
(D) An elevated level of insulin leads to a decreased level of fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate in hepatocyte
Ans: C
271. Which one of the following compounds cannot give rise to the net synthesis of Glucose?
(A) Lactate
(B) Glycerol
(C) α-ketoglutarate
(D) Acetyl CoA
Ans: B
272. Which of the following reactions is unique to gluconeogenesis?
(A) Lactate Pyruvate
(B) Phosphoenol pyruvate pyruvate
(C) Oxaloacetate phosphoenol pyruvate
(D) Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate
Ans: C
273. The synthesis of glucose from pyruvate by gluconeogenesis
(A) Requires the participation of biotin
(B) Occurs exclusively in the cytosol
(C) Is inhibited by elevated levels of insulin
(D) Requires oxidation/reduction of FAD
Ans: A
274. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2
(A) Is reversible
(B) Involves the participation of lipoic acid
(C) Depends on the coenzyme biotin
(D) Occurs in the cytosol
Ans: B
275. Pasteur effect is
(A) Inhibition of glycolysis
(B) Oxygen is involved
(C) Inhibition of enzyme phosphofructokinase
(D) All of these
Ans: D
276. How many ATPs are produced in the conversion of phosphoenol pyruvate to citrate?
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) 6
Ans: C
277. Reduced glutathione functions in R.B.Cs to
(A) Produce NADPH
(B) Reduce methemoglobin to haemoglobin
(C) Produce NADH
(D) Reduce oxidizing agents such as H2O2
Ans: D
278. Phenylalanine is the precursor of
(A) L-DOPA
(B) Histamine
(C) Tyrosine
(D) Thyroxine
Ans: C
279. D-Mannose is present in some plant products like
(A) Resins
(B) Pectins
(C) Mucilage
(D) Gums
Ans: D
280. Galactose is a main constituent of
(A) Milk sugar
(B) Honey
(C) Cane sugar
(D) Chitin
Ans: A
281. Glucosamine is an important constituent of
(A) Homopolysaccharide
(B) Heteropolysaccharide
(C) Mucopolysaccharide
(D) Dextran
Ans: C
282. Glycogen is present in all body tissues except
(A) Liver
(B) Brain
(C) Kidney
(D) Stomach
Ans: B
283. The iodine test is positive for starch, dextrin and
(A) Mucoproteins
(B) Agar
(C) Glycogen
(D) Cellulose
Ans: C
284. The general formula for polysaccharides is
(A) (C6H10O5)n
(B) (C6H12C6)n
(C) (C6H12O5)n
(D) (C5H10O5)n
Ans:
285. Epimers of glucose is
(A) Fructose
(B) Galactose
(C) Ribose
(D) Deoxyribose
Ans:
286. The human heart muscle contains
(A) D-Arabinose
(B) D-Ribose
(C) D-Xylose
(D) L-Xylose
Ans: C
287. The intermediate n hexose monophosphate shunt is
(A) D-Ribulose
(B) D-Arabinose
(C) D-xylose
(D) D-Lyxose
Ans: A
288. On boiling Benedict’s solution is not reduced by
(A) Sucrose
(B) Lactose
(C) Maltose
(D) Fructose
Ans: A
289. The distinguishing test between monosaccharides and disaccharides is
(A) Bial’s test
(B) Seliwanoff’s test
(C) Barfoed’s test
(D) Hydrolysis test
Ans: C
290. Barfoed’s solution is not reduced by
(A) Glucose
(B) Mannose
(C) Sucrose
(D) Ribose
Ans: C
291. Cori cycle is
(A) Synthesis of glucose
(B) reuse of glucose
(C) uptake of glucose
(D) Both (A) & (B)
Ans: D
292. Cane sugar is known as
(A) Galactose
(B) Sucrose
(C) Fructose
(D) Maltose
Ans: B
293. Which of the following is not reducing sugar?
(A) Lactose
(B) Maltose
(C) Sucrose
(D) Fructose
Ans: C
294. α−D-Glucose and β−D-glucose are related by
(A) Epimers
(B) Anomers
(C) Multirotation
(D) Ketoenol pair
Ans: B
295. The stable ring formation in D-Glucose involves
(A) C-1 and C-4
(B) C-1 and C-2
(C) C-1 and C-5
(D) C-2 and C-5
Ans: C
296. Reduction of Glucose with Ca++ in water produces
(A) Sorbitol
(B) Dulcitol
(C) Mannitol
(D) Glucuronic acid
Ans: A
297. Starch and glycogen are polymers of
(A) Fructose
(B) Mannose
(C) α−D-Glucose
(D) Galactose
Ans: C
298. The reducing ability of carbohydrates is due to
(A) Carboxyl group
(B) Hydroxyl group
(C) Enediol formation
(D) Ring structure
Ans: A
299. Which of the following is not a polymer of glucose?
(A) Amylose
(B) Inulin
(C) Cellulose
(D) Dextrin
Ans: B
300. Invert sugar is
(A) Lactose
(B) Mannose
(C) Fructose
(D) Hydrolytic product of sucrose
Ans: D
301 The carbohydrate reserved in the human body is
(A) Starch
(B) Glucose
(C) Glycogen
(D) Inulin
Ans: C
302 A disaccharide linked by α-1-4 Glycosidic linkages is
(A) Lactose
(B) Sucrose
(C) Cellulose
(D) Maltose
Ans: D