A. Extracellular fluid, skeletal tissue, glandular tissue, connective tissue
B. Extracellular fluid, muscle tissue, glandular tissue, cartilaginous tissue
C. Neural tissue, skeletal tissue, epithelial tissue, cartilaginous tissue
D. Neural tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue
Answer is D: These are the four types. Extracellular fluid is not a tissue. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue.
2. Which of the tissue type below consists of a single layer of cells?
A. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
B. Glandular epithelium
C. Areolar connective tissue
D. Simple columnar epithelial tissue
Answer is D: The word “simple” indicates a single layer of cells. Stratified means several layers (or strata) of cells.
3. Which one of the following is NOT a serous membrane?
A. Pleura
B. Peritoneum
C. Mucosa
D. Pericardium
Answer is C: Mucosa is a mucus membrane (and secretes mucus)
4. Which of the following is NOT made predominantly from epithelial tissue?
A. Dermis
B. Exocrine glands
C. Endocrine glands
D. Endothelium of blood vessels
Answer is A: The dermis contains connective tissue, nervous tissue and muscle as well as epithelial tissue.
5. What are tendons and ligaments composed of?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. Liquid connective tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Answer is A: Tendons and ligaments are dense CT. This is strong as there is a high proportion of fibres.
6. What is the composition of the intercellular matrix in connective tissue?
A. Cells and fibres
B. Serous and mucus membranes and lamina propria
C. Protein fibres and ground substance
D. Interstitial fluid
Answer is C: “Intercellular” means between cells. So the matrix is fibres and ground substance (but no cells).
7. Which of the following is NOT epithelial tissue?
A. Epidermis
B. Glandular tissue
C. Internal lining of blood vessels
D. Dermis
Answer is D: The dermis contains some of all four types of tissues.
8. Which of the following is NOT a cell found in connective tissue?
A. Adipocytes
B. Chondroblasts
C. Keratinocytes
D. Osteoblasts
Answer is C: Keratinocytes are in the epidermis which is an epithelial tissue. The other cell types occur in fat, cartilage and bone.
9. What tissue has cells that are closely packed and that have one surface attached to a basement membrane and the other free to a space?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Answer is A: This is a definition of epithelial tissue.
10. What does simple columnar epithelial tissue refer to? Tissue with:
A. A single layer of cells longer than they are wide
B. A single layer of cells whose length, breadth and depth are about the same size
C. Several layers of cells, all of the same type
D. Several layers of cells but without a basement membrane
Answer is A: Simple = one layer. Columnar means oblong or shaped like a column.
11. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
A. Blood
B. Bone
C. Tendon
D. Epidermis
Answer is D: The epidermis (on top of the dermis) is an epithelial tissue.
12. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. Plasma cells
B. Leucocytes
C. Keratinocytes
D. Chondroblasts
Answer is C: Keratinocytes produce keratin, the protein of the epidermis, which is an epithelial tissue.
13. Choose the tissue below that is one of the four primary types of body tissue.
A. Epidermal tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Interstitial tissue
D. Osseous tissue
Answer is B: Epithelial is a major tissue type (as is muscle, nervous and connective)
14. What are the primary types of tissue in the body?
A. Muscle, nervous, connective and epithelial
B. Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous and epithelial
C. Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous, blood and epithelial
D. Muscle, nervous, connective, glandular and epithelial
Answer is A: There are four major types (not five or six). Osseous and blood are also connective, while glandular tissue is also epithelial.
15. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs?
A. Visceral peritoneum
B. Parietal peritoneum
C. Visceral pleura
D. Dura mater
Answer is C: Pleura is around the lung, while visceral refers to the layer of the pleura that is attached to the lung surface.
16. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. Mast cells
B. Adipocytes
C. Chondroblasts
D. Keratinocytes
Answer is D: These cells produce keratin, the protein of the stratum corneum.
17. Choose the tissue below that is NOT one of the four primary types of body tissue.
A. Connective tissue
B. Muscular tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Osseous tissue
Answer is D: Osseous tissue (or bone) is a connective tissue.
18. Adipocytes are found in which type of tissue?
A. Muscle tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Connective tissue
Answer is D: Adipocytes are found in fat (adipose tissue) which is a type of connective tissue.
19. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. Mast cells
B. Adipocytes
D. Melanocytes
Answer is D: Melanocytes produce melanin to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation, and it results in tanning of the skin.
20. What is the difference between “loose” connective tissue (CT) and “dense” connective tissue?
A. Fibres occupy most of the volume in dense CT.
B. Dense CT includes cartilage, loose CT does not.
C. Loose CT has a good blood supply while dense CT does not.
D. Loose CT has no fibres (and dense CT does).
Answer is A: The preponderance of fibres is what makes the CT “dense”. Cartilage is classified as supportive CT.
21. Which is NOT true of connective tissue (CT)?
A. The cells are closely packed.
B. The tissue contains protein fibres and ground substance.
C. Types include loose CT, dense CT and liquid CT.
D. CT contains white blood cells.
Answer is A: Being closely packed is a property of epithelial tissue. In CT the cells are widely spaced, being separated by the ground substance.
22. Choose the membrane that is NOT a serous membrane.
A. Pleura
B. Peritoneum
C. Pericardium
D. Lamina propria
Answer is D: The lamina propria is a “basement membrane” attached to epithelial tissue. The others are serous membranes.
23. Which of the following is ONE major function of epithelial cells?
A. Movement
B. Secretion
C. Support of other cell types
D. Transmit electrical signals
Answer is B: Glandular tissues are one type of epithelial tissue, and their function is to produce material to secrete.
24. What are the major types of tissue in the body?
A. Nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective
B. Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
C. Osteocytes, chondrocytes, leucocytes, adipocytes
D. Protein, adipose, cartilage, osseous
Answer is A: Choice C refers to cell types; B is a list of epithelial tissue. Protein is applied to molecules.
25. Which list contains the main body tissue types?
A. Glandular, connective, osseous, nervous
B. Epithelial, nervous, connective, muscle
C. Endothelial, connective, muscle, cartilaginous
D. Epithelial, cartilaginous, muscle, glandular
Answer is B: The terms osseous, glandular and cartilaginous disqualify the other choices.
26. Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
A. Blood
B. Mesothelium
C. Fat
D. Tendon
Answer is B: Mesothelium is simple squamous epithelium that is found in serous membranes.
27. What are the cells that are found in tendons called?
A. Osteocytes
B. Adipocytes
C. Haemocytoblasts
D. Fibroblasts
Answer is D: Tendons are connective tissues and contain fibroblasts—the most common type of cell in connective tissue. Osteocytes occur in bone; adipocytes in adipose tissue, and haemocytoblasts in the bone marrow.
28. What are the primary types of body tissue?
A. Connective tissue, blood, muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue
B. Muscle tissue, osseous tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, blood, connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue
D. Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
Answer is C: These are the four primary types. Blood is not a “type” of tissue.
29. Epithelial and connective tissues differ from each other in which of the following characteristics?
A. Epithelial tissue contains fibres, but connective tissue does not.
B. Connective tissue is avascular, but epithelial tissue is well-vascularised.
C. Cells in epithelial tissue are closely packed, whereas in connective tissue they are not. 2 Cells and Tissues
D. Connective tissue includes tissue that makes up glands, but epithelial tissue does not occur in glands.
Answer is C: The other choices are not correct.
30. Which of the following is a connective tissue?
A. Pancreas
B. Spinal cord
C. Muscle
D. Blood
Answer is D: Blood contains cells separated by a liquid matrix. Choices A and B are epithelial and nervous tissues.
31. Which of the following is an epithelial tissue?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Adrenal gland
C. Heart
D. Blood
Answer is B: The adrenal gland is glandular epithelial tissue.
32. What is the tissue that covers the body surface and lines the internal tubes called?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Glandular epithelium
D. Muscle tissue
Answer is A: Epithelial tissue has one surface “open” to the exterior or to the contents of the tube.
33. Which of the following is true for connective tissue?
A. It consists of cells, a basement membrane and an intercellular matrix.
B. Its cells are closely packed and held together by protein fibres.
C. It has a high rate of cell division and no blood supply.
D. It is made of cells, protein fibres and ground substance.
Answer is D: Connective tissue includes fibres and cells which are not closely packed.
34. Which of the following cells would be found in connective tissue?
A. Mucous cells
B. Goblet cells
C. Chondrocytes
D. Neurons
Answer is C: Chondros refer to cartilage, so chondrocytes are cells found in cartilage. Cartilage is a connective tissue. The other choices are found in epithelial tissue or nervous tissue.
35. Which of the following cells would be found in nervous tissue?
A. Dendrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Microphages
D. Erythrocytes
Answer is B: Microglia is a term that refers to the support cells of the nervous system. Dendrocytes are found in the epidermis, and there are no erythrocytes in the CNS.
36. Which of the four types of tissue do all organs contain?
A. Connective, epithelial and nervous tissues
B. Muscle, epithelial and nervous tissues
C. Organs contain all four types of tissues
D. Muscle, connective and epithelial tissues
Answer is C: All organs have capillaries and a blood supply. Blood is a connective tissue, and capillaries are made of epithelial tissue. The arterial end of capillaries has a pre-capillary sphincter which is made of smooth muscle cells. All organs are innervated so contain nervous tissue.
37. What is “deep fascia”?
A. Connective tissue that surrounds muscle
B. Epithelial tissue that lies under the skin
C. Connective tissue of the hypodermis
D. Epithelial tissue of the abdominal serous membranes
Answer is A: Deep fascia is a fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and penetrates into the muscles, as well as surrounding bones, nerves and blood vessels. Muscle epimysium is an example of deep fascia. Choice C refers to superficial fascia.
38. Which of the following cells are found in cartilage?
A. Osteocytes
B. Chondrocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Monocytes
Answer is B: “Chondros” means cartilage in Greek.
39. Which of the following cells are found in bone?
A. Dendrocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Osteocytes
D. Pneumocytes
Answer is C: “Osteo” is ancient Greek for bone.
40. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
A. Blood
B. Bone
C. Smooth muscle
D. Superficial fascia
Answer is C: There are four basic types of tissue. Connective tissue and muscle are two of them, so C is not a connective tissue; the other three choices are.
41. A particular tissue contains cells that have a process that extends for 20 or 30 cm from the cell body. What type of tissue is it likely to be?
A. Neural tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
Answer is D: The long process is called an axon and belongs to a neurone. So the tissue is neural tissue.
42. The cells of tissue are long and cylindrical and contain a great number of nuclei. In what type of tissue will such a cell be found?
A. Neural tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
Answer is B: The cell is a skeletal muscle fibre, so the tissue is the muscle tissue.
43. What type of cells are found in a single layer lining the inner surface of the tubes in the body and are surrounded by a non-cellular membrane?
A. Neural tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
Answer is C: The description indicates epithelial cells and their basement membrane.
44. A particular tissue contains cells that are widely separated from each other and surrounded by a tissue component that is not cellular. What type of tissue conforms to this description?
A. Neural tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
Answer is D: Connective tissue consists of a non-cellular matrix in which cells are distributed so that they are not adjacent to each other.
45. Which of the following is a description of nervous tissue?
A. Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts and forms glands
B. Binds organs together, stores energy as fat and provides immunity
C. Contains cells that are specialised for contraction
D. Is specialised in the propagation of electrical impulses around the body
Answer is D: Nervous tissue allows the sending of signals as electrical impulses around the body. Choices A, B and C describe epithelial, connective and muscle tissues, respectively.
46. Which of the following is a description of muscle tissue?
A. Almost all of it occurs in the brain and spinal cord.
B. Binds organs together, stores energy as fat and provides immunity.
C. Contains cells that are specialised for contraction.
D. The cells are closely packed and tightly bound together.
Answer is C: The cells of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle are all able to shorten their length (to contract). Choices A, B and D describe nervous, connective and epithelial tissues, respectively.
47. Which of the following is a description of epithelial tissue?
A. Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and body cavities and forms glands.
B. Forms basement membranes, bone, fat, blood, tendons and cartilage.
C. Contains cells that are specialised for contraction.
D. Some of their cells are the longest in the body and are referred to as fibres.
Answer is A: “Epi-” means on top of epithelial tissue that includes the epidermis and luminal surface of hollow organs. Choices B, C and D describe connective, muscle and nervous tissues, respectively.
48. Which of the following is a description of connective tissue?
A. Their cells have one surface not attached to other tissue, that is exposed to “space”.
B. Their cells possess an axon and dendrites.
C. Their cells contain actin and myosin.
D. It contains a matrix of fibres and “ground substance”.
Answer is D: Connective tissue consists of cells widely separated by the non-cellular matrix. Choices A, B and C describe epithelial, nervous and muscle tissues, respectively.
49. What are some of the functions of epithelial tissue?
A. They facilitate communication within the body; enable awareness of our environment; and allow us to learn.
B. Physically protect underlying cells; they secrete substances; they provide sensation when stimulated.
C. They store energy; they provide a structural framework for the body; they transport dissolved materials.
D. They contribute energy to maintain body temperature; they move the contents of the gut; they dilate and constrict blood vessels.
Answer is B: Epithelial cells physically protect the underlying cells from abrasion and chemicals. They secrete onto the respiratory tract and into the digestive system. Neuroepithelium (e.g. on tongue, on retina) contains sensory nerve endings. Choices A, C and D are functions of nervous, connective tissue and muscle tissue, respectively.
50. What is the difference between “loose” connective tissue (CT) and “dense” connective tissue?
A. Dense CT forms the superficial fascia, while loose CT forms the deep fascia.
B. Dense CT is mostly fibres, while loose CT surrounds blood vessels and nerves.
C. Dense CT forms tendons and ligaments, while loose CT forms aponeuroses and deep fascia.
D. Dense CT fills the spaces between organs, while loose CT forms tendons and ligaments.
Answer is B: Dense CT is mostly fibres and forms tendons and ligaments, aponeuroses and deep fascia. Loose CT surrounds vessels, nerves and muscles, and forms the superficial fascia, fills the spaces between organs and surrounds blood vessels and nerves.
51. Which list has cells that would all be found in connective tissues?
A. Leucocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells and Schwann cells
B. Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendrocytes and Merkel cells
C. Leucocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes
D. Astrocytes, Schwann cells, ependymal cells and microglia
Answer is C: Leucocytes occur in blood, chondrocytes in cartilage; osteoblasts in bone; and adipocytes in fat. All of which are types of connective tissue. The cells in choices B and D occur in skin and nervous tissue, respectively.
52. Which of the following is NOT a function of at least some epithelial tissue?
A. Providing physical protection
B. Providing cushioning
C. Providing sensations
D. Producing specialised secretions
Answer is B: Cushioning is not a function provided by epithelial tissue. All the rest are.
53. What type of epithelium is found lining blood vessels?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Answer is A: Simple squamous, that is, flattened and one-cell thick, cells line blood vessels.