HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY
1. According to Pasteur's statements which one of the following is true
a. Living organisms discriminate between stereoisomers
b. Fermentation is an aerobic process
c. Living organisms don’t discriminate between stereoisomers
d. Both a and b
Ans: A
2. “I found floating therein earthly particles, some green streaks, spirally wound serpent-wise, and orderly arranged, the whole circumstance of each of these streaks was about the thickness of a hair on one’s head”…. These words are of
a. Leeuwenhoek
b. A. Jenner
c. Pasteur
d. Koch
Ans: A
3. The principle light-trapping pigment molecule in plants, Algae, and cyanobacteria is
a. Chlorophyll a
b. Chlorophyll b
c. Porphyrin
d. Rhodapsin
Ans: A
4. During Bio Geo chemical cycle, the microorganisms utilised some amount of elemental carbon. The phenomenon is called as
a. Dissimilation
b. Immobilization
c. Decomposition
d. Neutralization
Ans: B
5. Who demonstrated that open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust.
a. Abbc Spallanzani
b. John Tyndall
c. Francisco Redi
d. Pasteur
Ans: B
6. Reverse isolation would be appropriate for
a. a patient with tuberculosis
b. a patient who has had minor surgery
c. a patient with glaucoma
d. a patient with leukaemia
Ans: A
7. The symptoms “ general feeling of illness and discomfort “ is called
a. Cystitis
b. Malaise
c. Anaphylactic shock
d. Arthritis
Ans: B
8. On soybean which of the following forms symbiotism
a. Azatobactor paspali
b. Rhizobium
c. Nostoc
d. Bradyrhizobium
Ans: D
9. Who provide the evidence that bacteriophage nucleic acid but not protein enters the host cell during infection
a. Alfred D.Hershey & Leonard Tatum in 1951.
b. Alfred D.Hershey & Zindar Lederberg in 1951.
c. Alfred D.Hershey & Martha Chase in 1952.
d. Alfred D.Hershey & Macleod in 1952.
Ans: C
10 Spirulina belongs to
a. Xanthophyceae
b. Cyanophyceae
c. Rhodophyceae
d. Pheophyceae
Ans: B
11. The first antibody to contact invading microorganisms was
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgD
Ans: B
12. The light emitted by luminescent bacteria is mediated by the enzyme
a. Coenzyme Q
b. Luciferase
c. Lactose dehydrogenase
d. Carboxylase reductase
Ans: C
13. Pick out the vector used in the human Genome project
a. Phagemid vector
b. Yeast artificial chromosomes
c. Cosmid vectors
d. Yeast episomal plasmids
Ans: B
14. Salt and sugar preserve foods because they
a. Make them acid
b. Produce a hypotonic environment
c. Deplete nutrients
d. Produce a hypertonic environment
Ans: D
15. In a fluorescent microscope, the objective lens is made of
a. Glass
b. Quartz
c. Polythene
d. None of these
Ans: C
16. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is by means of
a. Biological process
b. Lightining
c. Ultraviolet light
d. All of the above
Ans: D
17. Which one of the following fungi is the most serious threat in a bone marrow transplant unit?
a. Candida albicans
b. Aspergillus
c. Blastomyces
d. Cryptococcus
Ans: B
18. The direct microscopic count can be done with the aid of
a. Neuberg chamber
b. Anaerobic chamber
c. Mineral oil
d. Olive oil
Ans: A
19. The image obtained in a compound microscope is
a. Real
b. Virtual
c. Real inverted
d. Virtual inverted
Ans: B
20. Enzymes responsible for alcoholic fermentation
a. Ketolase
b. Zymase
c. Peroxidase
d. Oxidase
Ans: B
21. Which type of spores are produced sexually?
a. Conidia
b. Sporangiospores
c. Ascospores
d. None of these
Ans: C
22. Bacterial transformation was discovered by
a. Ederberg and Tatum
b. Beadle and Tatum
c. Griffith
d. None of these
Ans: A
23. Father of microbiology is
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Lister
c. A.V. Leeuwenhock
d. Robert Koch
Ans: C
24. The antiseptic method was first demonstrated by
a. Lwanowski
b. Lord Lister
c. Edward Jenner
d. Beijerinck
Ans: B
25. Small pox vaccine was first discovered by
a. Robert Koch
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Lister
d. Edward Jenner
Ans: D
26. The term mutation was coined by
a. Pasteur
b. Darwin
c. Hugo devries
d. Lamark
Ans: C
27. Compound microscope was discovered by
a. Antony von
b. Pasteur
c. Johnsen & Hans
d. None of these
Ans: C
28. Father of Medical Microbiology is
a. Pasteur
b. Jenner
c. Koch
d. A.L.Hock
Ans: C
29. Disease that affects many people in different countries is termed as
a. Sporadic
b. Pandemic
c. Epidemic
d. Endemic
Ans: B
30. Prophylaxis of cholera is
a. Protected water supply
b. Environmental sanitation
c. Immunization with killed vaccines
d. All of these
Ans: B
31. In electron microscope, what material is used as an objective lense?
a. Magnetic coils
b. Superfine glass
c. Aluminium foils
d. Electrons
Ans: A
32. The main feature of a prokaryotic organism is
a. Absence of locomotion
b. Absence of nuclear envelope
c. Absence of nuclear material
d. Absence of protein synthesis
Ans: B
33. The stalked particles on the cristae of mitochondria are called
a. Glyoxysomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Oxysomes
d. Spherosomes
Ans: B
34. Antiseptic methods were first introduced by
a. Lord Lister
b. Iwanowski
c. Beijernick
d. Edward Jenner
Ans: A
35. Kuru disease in Humans is caused by
a. Bacteria
b. Viroides
c. Prions
d. Mycoplasma
Ans: C
36. A mutation that produces a termination codon is
a. Mis-sense mutation
b. Neutral mutation
c. Non-sense mutation
d. Reverse mutation
Ans: C
37. During conjunction the genetic material will be transferred through
a. Cell wall
b. Medium
c. Pili
d. Capsule
Ans: C
38. Antiseptic surgery was discovered by
a. Joseph Lister
b. Ernest Abbe
c. Pasteur
d. Beijerink
Ans: A
39. Tuberculosis is a
a. Waterborne disease
b. Airborne disease
c. Foodborne disease
d. Atthropod-borne disease
Ans: B
40. Phagocytic phenomenon was discovered by
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Alexander Fleming
c. Metchnikof
d. Robert Koch
Ans: C
41. Meosomes are also known as
a. Mitochondria
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Plasmids
d. Chondroids
Ans: D
42. Hybridoma technique was first discovered by.
a. Kohler and Milstein
b. Robert Koch
c. ‘D’ Herelle
d. Land Steiner
Ans: A
43. The minimum number of bacteria required to produce clinical evidence of death in a susceptible animal under standard conditions is called
a. LD50
b. ID
c. MLD
d. All of these
Ans: C
44. In the Electron Microscope source of electrons is from
a. Mercury lamp
b. Tungsten metal
c. both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: B
45. Griffith (1928) reported the phenomenon of transformation first in
a. H. influenza
b. Bacillus species
c. Pneumococci
d. E.coli
Ans: C
46. The resolution power of the compound microscope is
a. 0.2 micron
b. 0.2 millimetre
c. 0.2 Angstrom units
d. 0.2 centimetre
Ans: A
47. The capacity of a given strain of microbial species to produce disease is known as
a. Pathogen
b. Virulence
c. Infection
d. None of these
Ans: B
48. Monoclonal antibodies are associated with the name of
a. Burnet
b. Medwar
c. Milstein kohler
d. Owen
Ans: A
49. Lederberg and Tatum (1946) described the phenomena of
a. Conjunction
b. Transformation
c. Mutation
d. Plasmids
Ans: A
50. Hanging drop method for motility study was first introduced by
a. Robert Koch
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Jenner
d. Leeuwenhock
Ans: D
51. Electron microscope gives magnification upto
a. 100 X
b. 2000 X
c. 50,000 X
d. 2,00,000 X
Ans: D
52. Term vaccine was coined by
a. Robert Koch
b. Pasteur
c. Needham
d. None of these
Ans: B
53. The inventor of the Microscope is
a. Galileo
b. Antony von
c. Pasteur
d. Koch
Ans: B
54. First Pasteur conducted fermentation experiments in
a. Milk
b. Food material
c. Fruit juices
d. Both a and c
Ans: C
55. Modern concepts of chemotherapy was proposed by
a. Paul Ehrlich
b. Joseph Lister
c. Elie Metchnikoff
d. None of these
Ans: A
56. The role of phagocytosis was discovered by
a. Paul Ehrlich
b. Joseph lister
c. Elie Metchikoff
d. Pasteur
Ans: C
57. L – forms are discovered by
a. Klein Berger
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Robert Koch
d. Antony von Leeuwenhock
Ans: A
58. The causative organism of rocky mountain spotted fever was first described by
a. Howard Ricketts
b. da Rocha-lima
c. Both a and b
d. Robert Koch
Ans: C
59. The term bacteriophage was coined by
a. De’Herelle
b. F.W. Twort
c. Beijernick
d. Jwanosky
Ans: A
60. Viral infection of bacteria was discovered by
a. De’Herelle
b. F.W. Twort
c. Beijernick
d. Jwanoksy
Ans: B
61. Eye cannot resolve any image less than
a. 1ìm
b. 2ìm
c. 7ìm
d. 5ìm
Ans: D
62. Compound Microscope was discovered by
a. A.V. Lewenhoek
b. Pasteur
c. Janssen and Hans
d. None of these
Ans: C
63. Electron Microscope was discovered by
a. Prof. Fritz
b. Janssen and Hans
c. Knoll and Ruska
d. None of these
Ans: C
64. Magnification range of light microscope is
a. 1000x – 5000x
b. 1000x – 2000x
c. 500x – 1000x
d. None of these
Ans: B
65. Condensation of light in a light Microscope is by
a. Objective
b. Condensor
c. Ocular
d. All of these
Ans: B
66. Light gathering capacity of the Microscope is called
a. Numerical aperture
b. Angular aperture
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: A
67. If 10x and 40x objectives are used (air is the medium), the numerical aperture is
a. 1.5
b. 2.0
c. 1.0
d. 1.8
Ans: C
68. The ability of a Microscope to distinguish two objects into two separate objects, is called.
a. Resolving power
b. Wavelength
c. N.A.
d. None of these
Ans: A
69. Limit of resolution of the compound microscope is
a. 0.018 Ao
b. 0.1 mm
c. 5 ìm
d. 1 mm
Ans: B
70. Source of light in fluorescence microscopy is from
a. Mercury lamp
b. Sunlight
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: A
71. Who perfected a magnetic lens in 1927
a. Gabor
b. Broglie
c. Busch
d. None of these
Ans: A
72. The magnification power of the electron microscope developed by Knell and Ruska is
a. 10,000x
b. 12,000x
c. 15,000x
d. 20,000x
Ans: B
73. In an electron microscope source of electrons is from
a. Mercury lamp
b. Tungsten metal
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: B
74. The electron passed out from the specimen is called
a. Primary electrons
b. Secondary electrons
c. Tertiary electrons
d. None of these
Ans: B
75. Mycorrhiza was first observed by
a. Funk
b. Frank
c. Fisher
d. Crick
Ans: B
76. The transfer of genetic material during transformation is proved based on Griffith’s experiment by
a. Avery Macleod & Mc.Carthy
b. Lederberg & Taulum
c. Zinder & Lederberg
d. Watson & Crick
Ans: A
77. Phagocytic theory was proposed by
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Elie Metchnikoff
c. Behring
d. Widal
Ans: B
78. Anaphylaxia was first observed by
a. Parter & Richet
b. Coombs
c. Gell
d. None of these
Ans: A
79. Primary mediators in anaphylaxis
a. Histamine
b. Seratonin
c. Heparin
d. All of these
Ans: D
80. Arthus reaction was discovered by
a. Marrice Arthus
b. Von Perquit
c. Richet
d. Porter
Ans: A
81. Serum sickness reaction was discovered by
a. Marrice Arthus
b. Von perquit
c. Richet
d. Porter
Ans: B
82. Hybridoma technique was developed by
a. Kochler & Milston
b. Niel’s Jerne
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: C
83. Disease that affects many people at different countries are termed as
a. Sporadic
b. Pandemic
c. Epidemic
d. Endemic
Ans: A
84. If the vectors transmit the infection mechanically they are called
a. Biological vectors
b. Mechanical vectors
c. Biological reservoir
d. Both a and c
Ans: B
85. If a person can be infected by direct contact with the infected tissue of another person, it is termed as
a. Indirect contact transmission
b. Attachment
c. Direct contact transmission
d. None of these
Ans: C
86. Reduction of virulence is known as
a. Exaltation
b. Attenuation
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: B
87. Enhancement of virulence is known as
a. Exaltation
b. Attenuation
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
Ans: A
88. The virulence of a pathogen is usually measured by
a. LD
b. MLD
c. ID
d. All of the above
Ans: D
89. The lethal dose required to kill 50% of the lab animals tested under the standard called
a. ID
b. LD50
c. ID50
d. MLD
Ans: B
90. The most important virulence factors are
a. Adhesions
b. Invasiveness
c. Toxigenicity
d. Enzymes
e. All of the above
Ans: E
91. The ability of a pathogen to spread in these host tissues after establishing the infection is known as
a. Adhesion
b. Invasiveness
c. Toxigenicity
d. None of these
Ans: B
92. Which is the following enzyme acts as a spreading factor?
a. Hyaluronidase
b. Coagulase
c. Catalase
d. DNase
Ans: A
93. Vibrio Cholerae was discovered by
a. Koch
b. Metchnikoff
c. John Snow
d. Virchow
Ans: B
94. E.coli was first isolated by
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Escherich
c. Shiga
d. Robert Koch
Ans: B
95. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first discovered by
a. Robert Koch
b. Edward Jenner
c. Louis Pasteur
d. None of these
Ans: A
96. Mycobacterium lepree was discovered by
a. Robert Koch
b. Hansen
c. Edward Jenner
d. Louis Pasteur
Ans: B
97. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated by
a. Robert Koch
b. Edward Jenner
c. Antony von Leewenhock
d. Louis Pasteur
Ans: D
98. B.anthracis was isolated by
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Robert Koch
c. Antonyvon Leewenhok
d. None of these
Ans: B
99. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated by
a. Rosenbach
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Passet
d. Sir Alexander Ogston
Ans: B
100. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was first named
a. Schroeter and Gessard
b. Robert Koch
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Edward Jenner
Ans: A
101. T. pallidum was discovered by
a. Robert Koch
b. Schaudinn and Hoffman
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Edward Jenner
Ans: B
102. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was first described by
a. Neisser in 1879
b. Pasteur in 1878
c. Robert Koch
d. None of these
Ans: B
103. The rh factor of the blood was discovered by scientist
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Landsteiner and Weiner
c. Janskey
d. Moss
e. None of these
Ans: B
104. Trepanema pallidum was discovered by
a. Schaudinn and Hoffman
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Burgey
d. Laennec
e. None of these
Ans: A
105. Fluorescent substances used in fluorescent microscopy are
a. Quinine sulphate
b. Auramine
c. All of these
d. None of these
Ans: C
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MCQs IN MICROBIOLOGY